Quantitative Assessment of Dentine Sialophosphoprotein, Aspartate Aminotransferase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Teeth with Root Resorption

ABSTRACT@#Root resorption is a shortening of root dentine which occurs physiologically in deciduous teeth. The present study aimed to quantify dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during the physiological process of root resorption of deciduous teeth. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 25 children aged between 4 and 10 years old. GCF was collected from the gingival sulcus using periopaper strips from the upper first deciduous molar (n = 45). The samples were divided equally into three groups, no resorption (R0), moderate resorption (RM) and severe resorption (RS), based on the existing radiographs taken. The GCF samples were then analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to determine the DSPP concentration levels and BioAssays System kit for AST and LDH. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical differences between the means of the DSPP, AST and LDH concentration level in the three groups. A difference was considered significant when p < 0.05. High concentration levels of DSPP were significantly noted in RS (p < 0.05), compared to RM and R0. AST also portrayed significant high activity level (p < 0.05) similar to DSPP but LDH showed no significant changes between groups (p > 0.05). The high quantification of DSPP and AST levels in the severe and moderately resorbed roots indicated the potential use of this protein as a biomarker for detecting moderate-severe stages of root resorption.

Penggunaan Aplians Penahan Ortodontik Boleh Tanggal Bagi Pengekalan Hasil Rawatan Ortodontik - Ulasan The Use of Removable Retainers to Maintain the Results of Post-Orthodontic Treatment – A Review / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Retention phase is fundamental in orthodontic treatment. Around 70% of patients are subjected to relapse postorthodontic treatment. The risk of relapse can be minimized by prescribing a retainer suitable to a patient’s pre-treatment clinical condition and based on retention characteristics of retainers. When removable retainers are prescribed, responsibility of maintaining tooth stability lies on patients. Recent idea has been proposed that removable retainer should be worn indefinitely in order to maintain the treatment result. Therefore, the understanding of retention characteristics of removable retainers is important for promoting patient compliance and satisfaction. This article focuses on reviewing the use of removable retainers in relation to preferences among clinicians, patient acceptability, effectiveness, compliance, as well as retention regimes. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and Scopus database. The search was performed up to June 2020 using a variety of keywords including orthodontic retainers, Hawley, vacuum formed and retention. Among the 248 publications that were initially searched, total of 56 publications were finally included. Twenty-seven were observational (6 prospective; 16 cross-sectional, 4 retrospective, and 1 case series), fourteen experimental, fourteen review articles, and one opinion piece. Although quite a number of reviews on removable retainers were available, several significant papers have been published recently. Furthermore, a guideline on retention regime is warranted.

Differentiation capacity of mouse dental pulp stem cells into osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Our research attempted to show that mouse dental pulp stem cells [DPSCs] with characters such as accessibility, propagation and higher proliferation rate can provide an improved approach for generate bone tissues. With the aim of finding and comparing the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells derived from DPSCs into osteoblast and osteoclast cells; morphological, molecular and biochemical analyses were conducted. In this experimental study, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation was induced by specific differentiation medium. In order to induce osteoblast differentiation, 50 Micro g mL[-1] ascorbic acid and 10 mM Beta -glycerophosphate as growth factors were added to the complete medium consisting alpha-modified Eagle's medium [Alpha-MEM], 15% fetal bovine serum [FBS] and penicillin/streptomycin, while in order to induce the osteoclast differentiation, 10 ng/mL receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand [RANKL] and 5 ng/mL macrophage-colony stimulating factor [M-CSF] were added to complete medium. Statistical comparison between the osteoblast and osteoclast differentiated groups and control were carried out using t test. Proliferation activity of cells was estimated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay. Statistical results demonstrated significant difference [p<0.05] between the control and osteoblastic induction group, whereas osteoclast cells maintained its proliferation rate [p>0.05]. Morphological characterization of osteoblast and osteoclast was evaluated using von Kossa staining and May-Grunwald-Giemsa technique, respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] molecular analysis demonstrated that mouse DPSCs expressed Cd146 and Cd166 markers, but did not express Cd31, indicating that these cells belong to mesenchymal stem cells. Osteoblast cells with positive osteopontin [Opn] marker were found after 21 days, whereas this marker was negative for DPSCs. CatK, as an osteoclast marker, was negative in both osteoclast differentiation medium and control group. Biochemical analyses in osteoblast differentiated groups showed alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity significantly increased on day 21 as compared to control [p<0.05]. In osteoclast differentiated groups, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP] activity representing osteoclast biomarker didn't show statistically significant as compared to control [p>0.05]. DPSCs have the ability to differentiate into osteoblast, but not into osteoclast cells